Construction of buildings and the like



Sept. 10, 1935. E. e. P. MOPIN CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS AND THE LIKE Filed Feb. 9, 1934 3 Sheets-Sheet l fiugnesermm n PCLUJ Mop/,

(NVENTOE iv; A Y

P 0, 1935. E. G. P. MOPIN 2,014,087

CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS AND THE LIKE Filed Feb. 9, 1934 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 g e Qrmmh ul Mopm INYENTcmf Patented Sept. 10, 1935 PATENT OFFICE CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS AND THE LIKE Eugene Germain Paul Mopin, Paris, France Application February 9, 1934, Serial No. 710,435 In France March 7, 1933 2 Claims.

The present invention has for its object a process for rapid and very economical construction of buildings, consisting in employing a metallic framework, in advance prepared concrete 5 elements and concrete parts poured directly on the spot.

In all the known structures, the metallic framework is formed of elements having a high resistance; the vertical elements have namely a good resistance to compression and to fiexion, so that they are adapted to support all of the stresses of the finished construction (weight, stresses produced by the wind, etc.); the concrete elements adapted to form the partitions constitute a simple l5 filling.

The process according to the present invention consists in first erecting a light metallic framework comprising upright and horizontal members corresponding to the walls and floors and which would be insufficient in themselves to support the dead weight of the finished structure; thereafter, whilst employing the framework as a scaffolding, enclosing the said framework between standardized concrete elements which are secured to the framework and which are adapted to constitute the walls, partitions, and floors, of the structure, and finally pouring liquid concrete in the spaces between the concrete elements in order to fill said spaces, to enclose the metallic framework and to effect the union of the concrete elements.

Contrarily to what happens in the known processes, the framework employed in the process according to the invention is very light and not strong enough to withstand all the stresses of the finished structure. Said framework serves as a scaffolding and further is used as a guiding device for placing and maintaining in position the different standard elements constituting the floors and the partitions, until said elements are rigidly connected together by the poured concrete and by their reinforcements.

The said elements of walls and floors serve as moulds for the pouring of the concrete. The floors replace the usual service and scaffolding floors. The concrete penetrates the free spaces between these elements and finally, according to needs, forms pillars, girders, etc. and serves to'connect the metallic framework-with the said standard elements. These latter elements thus act as supports for the whole structure due to their positions and their forms, contrarily to what happens in the known processes where similar elements serve only as a filling.

In this way, the finally obtained construction which alsomakes part of the invention, is capable to withstand all deformations; the various elements forming the walls and floors, and the metallic framework when taken separately are insufficiently strong to support the whole structure, but, after the pouring of the concrete, they 5 form an absolutely homogeneous aggregate, all of the parts forming this aggregate supporting and strengthening each other.

In the accompanying drawings, given solely by way of example: 10 Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a building during its construction.

Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a part of said building.

Fig. 3 is a partial vertical section on the line 33 of Fig. 4 of a front wall, showing the beginning of the floor.

Fig. 4 is a corresponding plan view.

According to the example of execution represented in Figure 1, the placing and assembling of the building is effected in the following manner:

A light metallic framework I and lb comprising vertical and horizontal members is firstly erected and braced by means of diagonal members 2 of wires (not shown) or of any other similar devices.

Upon this framework are then placed the floors 3. Said floors may be executed completely or only in part; the executed parts of said floors are adjacent the walls or the partitions, so that when the partition walls are also temporarily placed, said executed parts may serve as a scaffolding provided they have a sufficient width.

The front walls, the partition walls or other walls are constructed in the third place. These consist of standard concrete elements 4, reinforced or not, preferably obtained by the vibration of the concrete, and placed side by side. These elements are placed in a suitable position since they are guided by the framework I against which they are applied. I 40 Finally, the beams, pillars, wall plates, girders, etc., in concrete, are poured, the concrete covering the framework I and filling the spaces between the parts of elements 4 of the walls and floors. After the setting of the concrete the whole assembly forms a real homogeneous block or unit.

The perspective view-of Fig. 2 and Figs. 3 and 4 shows a portion of the building wherein the elements of the walls and floors have been put in place and the concrete of the pillars, girders and beams has been poured.

I and I a indicate the members of the metallic framework which are utilized for placing in position the elements 4 of the vertical walls and .zontal tablet adapted to I, lb indicates the members of said framework which are utilized for placing in position the elements 3 of the floors. Elements 4 have a suitable shape, in order to constitute with the neighbor elements and the wall partitions moulds adapted to be filled with concrete. As shown in Fig. 2 these elements are for instance T-shaped in cross section. They may also be U-shaped. They are moreover made of vibrated concrete having a high resistance and their outer face receives during the vibration process a suitable covering, by introducing in the vibrated concrete of corresponding materials, such as stone, marble pieces, magnesium product, etc. In this way, the outer face of the erected construction is finished as soon as the elements 4 are in place and no supplementary work is necessary for providing an outer facing of the building. The wall elements 4 are furthermore provided on their inner face at their upper ends with two concrete extensions 6 which are applied against the opposite horizontal member I of the framework. Elements 4 are further provided on their inner face with an extension I, in the shape of a horibe placed immediately below horizontal member I, and with a web 8. Elements 4 are held against members I during the mounting or assembling by iron wires hinged in holes provided in cross pieces 9 (Figures 3 and 4) which are located on elements 4 and moulded therewith.

The floor elements 3 are provided on their lower face with extensions 3a adapted to rest upon inclined slabs I0 carried by members I and lb.

Inner wall coverings II, for heat insulation and the like are secured to the webs 8 of elements 4.

The space limited by the inner face of an element 4, tablet I inclined slab I0 arranged between the flange of a horizontal member I and the floor 3, and the inner covering II (Figs. 2 and 3) is filled with concrete I2 covering said member I without the use of auxiliary forms. The concrete I2, which is, if necessary, reinforced with auxiliary steel members embedded therein, forms the wall plate which binds the building at the level of the floor. An upper similar concrete element of the vertical wall is shown at 4a, with its flange 8a similar to flange 8 and a concrete intermediate element between the vertical elements 4 and 4a of the two superposed stories is shown at I3 by way of example.

In Fig. 2, I4 is the concrete poured in the space limited by the webs, the flange of the vertical elements 4 and 4a of the walls and the covering I I, the vertical member Ia of the metallic framework being embedded in said concrete I4 which forms the pillars.

I5 is the concrete poured between the elements 3 of the floor and the inclined slabs III arranged between said elements 3 and the two flanges of the horizontal member lb of the metallic framework respectively, concrete I5 covers the horizontal member ID and forms one of the beams of this floor.

Obviously, the shapes of the elements represented in the drawings are given by way of example and various other shapes can be given to the elements of the vertical walls and of the floors, without departing from the spirit of the invention.

It is to be observed that the metallic framework I is quite particular and that its function, its method of calculation and its features are quite different from those of the usually employed metallic frameworks, for example, as in the constructions with metallic frameworks with inner filling with masonry of any kind.

In this latter case, the filling carries no weight, whilst in the process according to the invention, the vertical parts of the walls, consisting of preferably vibrated concrete, carry not only their proper weight but also the framework and the adjacent or normal floors.

The ends of the wall elements may be secured upon the horizontal members I of the framework at the level of the floors, or at any other intermediate level by means of the reinforcing members of said elements. These reinforcing members, which extend from the ends of the elements, are bent and hooked to the horizontal members of the metallic framework in addition to the iron wire binding hinged in cross-pieces 9, moulded with elements 4. The upper elements may be secured to the members of the metallic framework in the same manner, by means of their reinforcing members which extend out of said elements and are scaled in the concrete wall plate.

The floor elements 3 are also provided with reinforcing members which extend from the ends of these elements. These protruding parts are bent and hooked to the horizontal frame member lb.

The metallic framework is all the lighter due to the fact that the floor elements, which are first used as service floors for the mounting of the whole structure, and which are to be supported by the framework acting as a scaffolding, during this mounting, have a relatively small weight, to kgs. per square meter, instead of 200 to 250 kgs. which is the weight of the floors currently used.

The concrete fillings I2--I4-I5 which are poured into the spaces between the elements of the walls and floors and the members of the metallic framework, and which form pillars, wall plates, girders, may, if necessary, be reinforced by suitable auxiliary reinforcements, calculated in order to withstand stresses and bending moments of all kinds given by calculations, these reinforcements completing the iron members I--Ia-Ib of the metallic framework provided in the first place as a scaffolding and, then serving as a reinforcement for the concrete structures poured on the spot.

The elements of the walls and floors are made for instance of concrete containing a relatively high proportion of cement, said concrete being vibrated and provided with reinforcing members embedded therein. This concrete is adapted to resist to 600 kgs. per square centimeter and over as to compression and to to kgs. per square centimeter as to tension.

The structure thus obtained (comprising walls, floors, metallic frameworks and concrete beams and pillars) represents a perfectly homogeneous unit and is thus able to withstand all stresses due to the construction.

The principal advantages of the process of construction thus claimed, are the following: great rapidity of construction, entire elimination of temporary and auxiliary scaffoldings, and of all temporary forms for casting concrete, a reduced weight of the construction, for the metallic framework and the standard elements being suitably connected partake in the resistance to all kinds of stresses.

All of these advantages may afford, as compared with other processes and buildings of equal solidity, comfort and strength, a saving of about 20 to 25%.

Obviously, the invention is by no means limited to the method of execution represented and described which has been chosen solely by way of example.

Having now describedmy invention what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In buildings and the like, a light metallic frame-work erected at the beginning of the construction and comprising light upright and horizontal members connected together and corresponding to the floors and walls of thefinal structure and which are insufliciently strong in themselves to withstand. the dead weight of the fin ished structure, standardized precast concrete wall and floor elements adapted to fill the free spaces between said upright and horizontal members and to form the walls and floors of the building, means provided on said wall elements permitting of securing them to said framework during their mounting, means on said floor elements permitting them of bearing upon said horizontal members, said floor and wall elements completely surrounding each one of said horizontal and upright members and being mounted whilst employing said framework as a scaifolding, d concrete fillings directly poured in the free spaces and channels formed by the standar elements and around the upright and horizontal members of the framework.

2. In buildings comprising a light metallic framework serving as a scaffolding, standardized precast elements consisting of preferably vibrated concrete, intended for the construction of the walls of the building, comprising means for connecting them to said framework during their mounting and provided with extensions having bearing surfaces, some of said bearing surfaces occupying vertical and inclined positions and bearing against the members of said metallic framework, and the others occupying a horizontal position and bearing against certain horizontal members of the framework.

EUGENE GERMAIN PAUL MOPIN. 

